A information to the important thing figures in biblical narratives gives a framework for understanding the advanced tapestry of tales, legal guidelines, prophecies, and genealogies woven all through scripture. Such a useful resource sometimes provides concise biographical details about people starting from patriarchs and matriarchs like Abraham and Sarah to prophets like Elijah and Isaiah, judges like Deborah, kings like David and Solomon, and outstanding figures within the New Testomony equivalent to Jesus’ disciples and apostles like Peter and Paul. These entries usually embody key occasions related to every determine, their relationships to different biblical characters, and their significance inside the broader narrative arc of the Bible.
Comprehending the roles and relationships of biblical figures is essential for deciphering scriptural texts. It illuminates the historic, cultural, and theological context by which these texts have been written and transmitted. Learning these people provides insights into the event of spiritual thought, moral rules, and the evolution of communities of religion. This understanding can enrich one’s appreciation of the Bible’s enduring affect on literature, artwork, music, and Western tradition. Furthermore, it will possibly facilitate a deeper engagement with the theological and non secular messages conveyed inside the scriptures.
This exploration will delve additional into a few of the most outstanding figures within the Bible, analyzing their contributions and legacies inside each the Previous and New Testaments. It can take into account their impression on the event of spiritual traditions and their persevering with relevance in up to date society.
1. Patriarchs and Matriarchs
Patriarchs and matriarchs kind the foundational figures within the biblical narrative, significantly inside the Previous Testomony. Understanding these key people is important for comprehending the following unfolding of biblical historical past and the event of Israelite id. They characterize the ancestral lineage from which the nation of Israel emerged, establishing a theological and genealogical framework for understanding God’s covenant guarantees. These figures, together with Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Rebekah, Jacob, and Rachel (amongst others), embody the early levels of God’s interplay with humanity and the institution of a selected folks. Their tales, fraught with challenges, triumphs, and familial complexities, present essential context for the later narratives of exodus, conquest, and the institution of the monarchy. The patriarchal narratives clarify the origins of the twelve tribes of Israel, tracing their descent from Jacob’s twelve sons. This ancestral connection underscores the significance of lineage and kinship inside the biblical worldview.
As an illustration, Abraham’s covenant with God, marked by the promise of land, descendants, and blessing, serves because the cornerstone of the Israelite religion and their declare to the land of Canaan. Sarah’s position, although usually overshadowed, is equally vital, representing the matriarchal line and the significance of ladies in guaranteeing the achievement of God’s guarantees. Equally, the story of Jacob’s wrestle with God and his subsequent renaming to Israel signifies the start of the nation and its ongoing relationship with the divine. These narratives present important context for deciphering the following books of the Bible, demonstrating the long-term implications of those early familial relationships and divine encounters.
Understanding the patriarchal and matriarchal narratives gives an important basis for understanding the broader “who’s who” of the Bible. These figures characterize the origin story of the Israelite folks, laying the groundwork for understanding their historical past, spiritual beliefs, and social constructions. Greedy the importance of those figures provides an important lens for deciphering subsequent biblical narratives and appreciating the continuity and improvement of spiritual thought inside the Previous Testomony. Learning these foundational figures gives vital context for understanding the advanced tapestry of relationships, covenants, and guarantees that form the biblical narrative.
2. Prophets
Prophets represent a big class inside any complete understanding of biblical figures. They served as intermediaries between God and humanity, delivering divine messages, warnings, and pronouncements. Their roles and pronouncements considerably formed the course of Israelite historical past and spiritual thought, providing invaluable insights into the evolving relationship between God and the chosen folks. Learning the prophets gives essential context for understanding the historic, social, and theological panorama of the biblical world.
-
Messengers of Divine Will
Prophets acted as conduits for speaking God’s will to the folks and their leaders. They delivered prophecies regarding future occasions, provided interpretations of present circumstances in mild of divine judgment, and known as for repentance and adherence to the covenant. Examples embody Isaiah’s prophecies concerning the approaching Messiah and Jeremiah’s warnings concerning the impending Babylonian exile. These pronouncements formed the understanding of God’s justice, mercy, and expectations for human conduct.
-
Social and Political Reformers
Many prophets actively challenged social injustices, political corruption, and spiritual hypocrisy. They advocated for the rights of the marginalized, condemned oppressive practices, and known as for a return to moral rules grounded within the covenant relationship with God. Amos’s condemnation of financial inequality and Micah’s critique of corrupt management exemplify this prophetic position. Their pronouncements underscore the moral dimensions of prophetic ministry and its implications for social justice.
-
Foretellers of Future Occasions
Prophets usually delivered predictions regarding future occasions, together with each judgments and blessings. These predictions served to warn, encourage, and supply hope for the longer term. Daniel’s prophecies in regards to the rise and fall of empires and Ezekiel’s visions of restoration exemplify this side of prophetic ministry. These prophecies formed the understanding of God’s sovereignty over historical past and supplied hope amidst difficult circumstances.
-
Witnesses to God’s Character
By means of their phrases and actions, prophets supplied insights into the character and character of God. They emphasised God’s holiness, justice, mercy, and unwavering love for the chosen folks. Hosea’s portrayal of God’s love by the metaphor of a husband’s persistent love for an untrue spouse and Jonah’s reluctant mission to Nineveh reveal the complexity and depth of God’s character as revealed by prophetic experiences.
Understanding the varied roles and features of the prophets is important for deciphering the biblical narrative and appreciating the continuing dialogue between God and humanity. Their pronouncements, whether or not centered on rapid considerations or future occasions, contributed considerably to the event of spiritual thought and moral rules. Recognizing the contributions of the prophets enriches our understanding of “who’s who” within the Bible and their enduring affect on spiritual traditions. They provide a window into the non secular and moral challenges confronted by the folks of Israel and supply invaluable insights into the character of divine revelation and its implications for human life.
3. Judges
The Guide of Judges occupies an important place inside the historic narrative of the Previous Testomony, bridging the interval between the Israelite conquest of Canaan and the institution of the monarchy. Understanding the judges and their roles is important for comprehending the socio-political panorama of historic Israel and its evolving relationship with God. This era, characterised by cycles of apostasy, oppression, repentance, and deliverance, gives vital context for appreciating the following emergence of kingship in Israel. The judges, charismatic leaders raised by God to ship the Israelites from their enemies, characterize key figures on this period, illuminating the challenges and complexities of Israelite id and religion.
-
Deliverance from Oppression
The first perform of the judges was to ship the Israelites from international oppression. Following intervals of unfaithfulness to God’s covenant, the Israelites usually fell below the domination of neighboring nations. Judges like Deborah, Gideon, Samson, and Jephthah emerged as divinely appointed leaders who rallied the folks and led them to victory in opposition to their oppressors. These narratives underscore the implications of disobedience and the significance of counting on God for deliverance.
-
Army Management and Technique
Judges demonstrated navy prowess and strategic acumen in main the Israelite tribes in battle. Deborah’s strategic planning within the battle in opposition to Sisera and Gideon’s unconventional ways in opposition to the Midianites illustrate the varied approaches employed by these leaders. Their navy successes spotlight the significance of management and strategic considering in securing victory.
-
Spiritual and Ethical Authority
Past their navy roles, judges usually functioned as spiritual and ethical authorities inside their respective tribes. They administered justice, resolved disputes, and exhorted the folks to stay devoted to the covenant. Samuel, thought-about the final of the judges, performed an important position in transitioning Israel from a tribal confederacy to a monarchy. Their affect prolonged past navy issues, shaping the spiritual and moral panorama of the interval.
-
Transitional Figures
The period of the judges represents a transitional interval in Israelite historical past, marked by cyclical patterns of sin, judgment, and deliverance. This era laid the groundwork for the eventual institution of the monarchy, with Samuel anointing each Saul and David as kings. The judges served as key figures on this transition, highlighting the restrictions of the tribal system and the rising want for centralized management.
The judges, as key figures within the Guide of Judges, supply beneficial insights into the “who’s who” of the Previous Testomony. Their tales illuminate the advanced dynamics of management, religion, and the continuing wrestle to take care of covenant faithfulness. Understanding their contributions is essential for comprehending the historic context that led to the institution of the monarchy and the following improvement of Israelite id. Their narratives present an important hyperlink within the chain of biblical historical past, shaping the spiritual and political panorama of historic Israel and providing enduring classes concerning the penalties of obedience and disobedience to God’s will.
4. Kings and Queens
The establishment of monarchy represents a pivotal improvement within the biblical narrative, marking a transition from tribal management to centralized authority. Understanding the roles and reigns of the kings and queens of Israel and Judah is important for comprehending the political, social, and spiritual panorama of the Previous Testomony. These figures, starting from the flawed however foundational reign of Saul to the sensible and affluent reign of Solomon, and the following division of the dominion, performed essential roles in shaping the future of the Israelite folks and influencing the course of biblical historical past. Their actions, each righteous and depraved, profoundly impacted the connection between God and the chosen nation, offering beneficial insights into the complexities of management, religion, and the enduring penalties of human selections.
-
The UK
The reigns of Saul, David, and Solomon characterize the period of the united monarchy, a interval of great political and navy growth. David’s institution of Jerusalem because the capital metropolis and Solomon’s building of the Temple solidified the nation’s id and spiritual heart. This era witnessed the flourishing of Israelite tradition and energy, establishing a golden age in opposition to which subsequent reigns have been usually measured. Nonetheless, the seeds of division have been sown throughout Solomon’s reign, setting the stage for the eventual fragmentation of the dominion.
-
The Divided Kingdom
Following Solomon’s loss of life, the dominion break up into two entities: the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. The kings of each kingdoms exhibited various levels of faithfulness to God’s covenant, leading to intervals of prosperity and decline, punctuated by prophetic warnings and divine judgment. The northern kingdom, tormented by idolatry and political instability, ultimately fell to the Assyrian empire. Judah, although experiencing intervals of revival and reform, in the end succumbed to the Babylonian empire, ensuing within the exile of its folks.
-
Queens and Royal Affect
Whereas kings held major political energy, a number of queens exerted important affect on the course of biblical historical past. Figures like Jezebel in Israel and Athaliah in Judah performed outstanding, albeit usually controversial, roles in shaping royal coverage and spiritual practices. Esther, queen of Persia, performed a pivotal position in saving the Jewish folks from annihilation. These examples spotlight the varied methods by which ladies wielded energy and affect inside the patriarchal constructions of historic Close to Japanese society.
-
Messianic Expectations
The lineage of David held explicit significance inside the biblical narrative, because it grew to become related to messianic expectations. Prophecies regarding a future king who would restore the Davidic dynasty and usher in an period of peace and righteousness formed the hopes and aspirations of the Israelite folks, significantly during times of exile and oppression. These messianic expectations performed an important position within the improvement of Jewish thought and in the end influenced the understanding of Jesus because the Messiah inside Christian custom.
The kings and queens of Israel and Judah characterize an important element of “who’s who” within the Bible. Their reigns, marked by each triumphs and tragedies, present invaluable insights into the complexities of management, the implications of faithfulness and unfaithfulness to God’s covenant, and the enduring hope for a future messianic king. Learning these figures enhances our understanding of the historic, political, and spiritual panorama of the Previous Testomony and illuminates the continuing relationship between God and the chosen folks. Their tales present important context for deciphering subsequent biblical narratives and appreciating the enduring legacy of the Israelite monarchy.
5. Apostles and Disciples
The apostles and disciples of Jesus Christ characterize a pivotal group inside the New Testomony, forming the muse of early Christianity and taking part in an important position in disseminating its message. Understanding these people is important for comprehending the event of Christian thought, the unfold of the early church, and the transmission of Jesus’ teachings. They function essential figures within the “who’s who” of the Bible, significantly inside the New Testomony narrative. Their shut relationship with Jesus supplied them with firsthand data of his ministry, miracles, and teachings, making them key witnesses to his life and resurrection. This intimate connection positioned them to grow to be central figures within the nascent Christian motion, shaping its theological improvement and influencing its growth all through the Roman world.
The twelve apostles, chosen by Jesus himself, held a very important place. Figures like Peter, James, John, and Paul (who, although not one of many authentic twelve, grew to become a outstanding apostle) performed instrumental roles in establishing and main the early Christian communities. Peter’s management within the early Jerusalem church, John’s profound theological reflections in his Gospel and epistles, and Paul’s intensive missionary journeys and influential letters reveal the varied contributions of the apostles in shaping the trajectory of early Christianity. Their numerous backgrounds, personalities, and theological views contributed to the richness and complexity of early Christian thought, shaping the event of its doctrines and practices. Moreover, the Gospels regularly spotlight the interactions between Jesus and his disciples, offering beneficial insights into his instructing strategies, management fashion, and the challenges confronted by those that adopted him. These interactions supply a glimpse into the formation and improvement of early Christian discipleship, illustrating the method of studying, rising, and in the end turning into witnesses to Jesus’ life and message.
Understanding the roles and contributions of the apostles and disciples is essential for deciphering the New Testomony and appreciating the historic improvement of Christianity. They supply an important hyperlink between Jesus’ earthly ministry and the following development of the Christian religion. Analyzing their lives and teachings illuminates the challenges and triumphs of the early church, providing beneficial insights into the unfold of Christianity and its enduring impression on Western civilization. Their inclusion in any “who’s who” of the Bible will not be merely a matter of historic document however a recognition of their important position in shaping the very foundations of Christian perception and apply. Learning these figures deepens ones understanding of Christian origins and the continuing legacy of Jesus’ message. It additionally gives a mannequin for up to date discipleship, demonstrating the transformative energy of religion and the enduring name to comply with within the footsteps of Jesus.
6. Different Key Figures
Past the outstanding classes of patriarchs, prophets, judges, kings, apostles, and disciples, the Bible contains a multitude of different people who contribute considerably to its narrative tapestry. These “different key figures” usually play essential roles in shaping particular occasions, influencing main characters, or embodying essential themes. Understanding these people gives a extra nuanced and complete understanding of the biblical narrative, enriching the “who’s who” of the Bible past the extra readily acknowledged classes. Their presence provides depth and complexity to the overarching story, providing insights into the varied vary of human experiences and interactions with the divine.
-
People in Jesus’ Lineage
The genealogies within the Gospels of Matthew and Luke hint Jesus’ ancestry, highlighting key figures who performed a job within the lineage resulting in the Messiah. These genealogies embody people like Rahab, Ruth, and David, demonstrating the inclusion of each Jews and Gentiles, in addition to people with advanced and generally flawed histories. Their inclusion underscores the overarching theme of redemption and the surprising methods by which God works by human historical past. Understanding these figures provides depth and context to Jesus’ id and mission.
-
Distinguished Girls
Whereas usually overshadowed by male figures, quite a few ladies play important roles within the biblical narrative. Figures like Esther, Deborah, Mary Magdalene, and Priscilla reveal the varied methods by which ladies exercised management, influenced occasions, and contributed to the event of each Judaism and Christianity. Their tales supply various views and problem conventional patriarchal interpretations of the Bible, highlighting the company and contributions of ladies inside the biblical context.
-
Key Political and Army Figures
The Bible regularly interacts with the broader political and navy panorama of the traditional Close to East. Figures like Pontius Pilate, Herod the Nice, and Nebuchadnezzar, although not Israelites, play important roles in shaping the occasions and influencing the destinies of the biblical characters. Understanding their historic context and motivations gives vital insights into the political and social forces that formed the biblical world. Their presence highlights the intersection between biblical narrative and broader historic occasions.
-
Angels and Messengers
Supernatural beings, equivalent to angels, regularly seem within the Bible as messengers, intermediaries, and brokers of divine intervention. Figures like Gabriel, Michael, and the angel who wrestled with Jacob reveal the lively position of the divine in human affairs. Their presence provides a supernatural dimension to the narrative, highlighting the interplay between the earthly and the divine realms. Understanding their roles and features gives insights into the biblical worldview and its understanding of the non secular realm.
These “different key figures,” whereas numerous of their roles and significance, collectively enrich the “who’s who” of the Bible. They supply a extra full image of the biblical world, illustrating the advanced interaction of human and divine motion, the affect of historic and political context, and the varied methods by which people contributed to the unfolding of God’s plan all through historical past. Analyzing these figures provides depth and nuance to our understanding of the biblical narrative, providing beneficial insights into the human expertise and the continuing relationship between humanity and the divine. Their inclusion encourages a extra holistic studying of Scripture, transferring past a give attention to solely essentially the most outstanding figures to understand the contributions of a wider forged of characters who form the narrative in important methods.
7. Genealogical Connections
Genealogical data present a necessary framework for understanding the “who’s who” of the Bible. Lineage performs a vital position in establishing id, tracing inheritance, and understanding the advanced net of relationships that bind biblical figures collectively. These connections usually maintain important theological and historic weight, illuminating the continuity of God’s covenant guarantees and the event of key spiritual and political constructions. Exploring genealogical connections provides essential insights into the narrative arc of Scripture, offering context for understanding the unfolding of God’s plan all through historical past.
-
Lineage and Covenant Guarantees
Genealogical data hint the achievement of God’s covenant guarantees, significantly these associated to land and descendants. Abraham’s descendants by Isaac, Jacob (Israel), and the twelve tribes illustrate this precept. The Davidic lineage, central to messianic prophecies, demonstrates the enduring significance of genealogical connections in tracing divine guarantees throughout generations. Understanding these lineages clarifies the continuity and improvement of God’s covenant relationship with the chosen folks.
-
Tribal and Nationwide Identification
Genealogies delineate tribal boundaries and set up nationwide id. The twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Jacob’s sons, shaped the foundational social and political construction of the Israelite nation. These genealogical divisions performed an important position in allocating land, organizing navy service, and establishing spiritual practices. Recognizing these tribal connections clarifies the advanced social and political panorama of historic Israel.
-
Tracing Priestly and Royal Strains
Genealogical data set up legitimacy inside priestly and royal traces. The descendants of Aaron served as clergymen within the Tabernacle and later within the Temple, whereas the Davidic dynasty supplied the kings of Judah. These genealogical traces ensured the right transmission of authority and spiritual accountability. Tracing these traces clarifies the management constructions and spiritual practices inside historic Israel.
-
Understanding Social and Familial Relationships
Genealogies present insights into the advanced social and familial relationships that form biblical narratives. Tales of household conflicts, inheritance disputes, and marital alliances usually hinge on genealogical connections. Understanding these relationships gives context for deciphering particular person tales and appreciating the complexities of household dynamics inside the biblical world.
Analyzing genealogical connections provides an important lens for understanding the “who’s who” of the Bible. These connections illuminate the continuity of God’s covenant guarantees, the event of social and political constructions, and the advanced net of relationships that bind biblical figures collectively. Appreciating the importance of lineage gives a deeper understanding of the historic, social, and theological context of the biblical narrative, enriching one’s interpretation of Scripture and its enduring relevance. By tracing these familial and tribal traces, we achieve a deeper understanding of the motivations, conflicts, and alliances that formed the course of biblical historical past.
Continuously Requested Questions
This part addresses widespread inquiries concerning the identification and significance of biblical figures, aiming to make clear potential misunderstandings and supply additional context for understanding their roles inside the scriptural narrative.
Query 1: Why is it essential to grasp the “who’s who” of the Bible?
Comprehending the roles and relationships of biblical figures is essential for deciphering scriptural texts and appreciating the historic, cultural, and theological context by which they have been written. This understanding enhances engagement with the Bible’s affect on literature, artwork, music, and Western tradition.
Query 2: How do genealogical data contribute to understanding biblical narratives?
Genealogies set up id, hint inheritance, and illuminate the advanced net of relationships between figures. These data usually carry theological and historic significance, revealing the continuity of covenant guarantees and the event of spiritual and political constructions.
Query 3: What’s the significance of understanding the historic context of biblical figures?
Historic context illuminates the social, political, and cultural forces that formed the lives and actions of biblical figures. This understanding gives a extra nuanced interpretation of their motivations, selections, and contributions to the unfolding narrative.
Query 4: How does understanding the totally different roles of biblical figures (e.g., prophets, kings, judges) improve comprehension of the scriptures?
Recognizing the particular features and duties of various rolesprophets as messengers, kings as rulers, judges as deliverersprovides a framework for deciphering their actions and understanding their significance inside the broader narrative.
Query 5: What are some widespread misconceptions concerning biblical figures?
One widespread false impression is viewing biblical figures as flawless heroes or villains. The Bible presents advanced people with strengths and weaknesses, whose tales supply insights into the human situation and the complexities of religion. One other false impression is neglecting the historic and cultural context, resulting in misinterpretations of their actions and motivations.
Query 6: How can finding out biblical figures contribute to private non secular development?
Analyzing the lives and experiences of biblical figures provides beneficial classes about religion, obedience, management, and the implications of selections. Their tales can encourage, problem, and supply steering for navigating up to date life’s complexities.
Creating a complete understanding of biblical figures enriches engagement with scripture, fostering a deeper appreciation for its historic, cultural, and theological depth. This understanding permits one to extra totally grasp the advanced narrative and draw significant connections between the biblical world and up to date life.
Additional exploration of particular person figures and their particular contributions to the biblical narrative will comply with in subsequent sections.
Ideas for Learning Biblical Figures
Partaking with biblical narratives requires a considerate method. The next suggestions supply steering for successfully finding out the important thing people inside scripture, selling a deeper understanding of their roles, relationships, and significance.
Tip 1: Take into account Historic Context:
Acknowledge the historic interval by which every determine lived. Understanding the prevailing cultural norms, political constructions, and social dynamics gives essential context for deciphering their actions and motivations. For instance, analyzing the reign of King David requires understanding the political panorama of historic Israel and the challenges of creating a unified kingdom.
Tip 2: Discover Relationships:
Biblical figures exist inside a fancy net of relationships. Analyzing familial connections, political alliances, and adversarial dynamics gives deeper insights into their motivations and actions. Take into account Abraham’s relationship together with his son Isaac and the implications for understanding the covenant guarantees.
Tip 3: Analyze Actions and Motivations:
Keep away from simplistic interpretations of biblical figures as purely good or evil. Analyze their actions inside their particular context, contemplating their motivations, limitations, and the implications of their selections. Mirror on the advanced motivations behind King Saul’s persecution of David.
Tip 4: Seek the advice of A number of Sources:
Make the most of quite a lot of assets, together with totally different translations, commentaries, and historic analyses. Evaluating views enriches understanding and gives a extra nuanced view of every determine. Take into account consulting each biblical and extra-biblical sources when finding out figures like King Herod.
Tip 5: Deal with Character Growth:
Observe how characters evolve all through their narratives. Word how experiences, challenges, and interactions with the divine form their beliefs, actions, and supreme legacies. Hint the event of Moses’ character from his preliminary reluctance to guide the Israelites to his eventual position as their deliverer.
Tip 6: Acknowledge Literary Genres:
The Bible includes varied literary genres, every with distinctive traits and interpretive rules. Take into account whether or not a passage is historic narrative, poetry, prophecy, or regulation when analyzing the portrayal of biblical figures. Deciphering the Psalms of David requires recognizing their poetic nature and the usage of figurative language.
Tip 7: Mirror on Theological Significance:
Take into account how every determine contributes to the broader theological message of Scripture. Mirror on how their actions and experiences illustrate themes of religion, obedience, redemption, and divine judgment. Take into account how the story of Jonah exemplifies themes of repentance and God’s mercy.
Using these methods gives a framework for deeper engagement with the “who’s who” of the Bible. This method facilitates a extra nuanced understanding of the people who formed biblical historical past and spiritual thought, enhancing appreciation for the complexities of their lives and the enduring relevance of their tales.
The next conclusion synthesizes the important thing insights gleaned from exploring the lives and legacies of those biblical figures, highlighting their enduring impression on spiritual custom and providing avenues for continued examine and reflection.
Conclusion
Exploring the important thing figures of scripture gives a necessary framework for comprehending the narrative arc, theological improvement, and historic context of the Bible. From the patriarchs and matriarchs who laid the muse of covenant relationships to the prophets who challenged and guided the chosen folks, every particular person contributes to the wealthy tapestry of biblical historical past. Understanding the roles of judges, kings, and queens illuminates the complexities of management and the implications of faithfulness and disobedience. Moreover, analyzing the apostles and disciples of Jesus Christ reveals the foundational figures of early Christianity and the unfold of its message. Lastly, recognizing the contributions of different key figures, together with outstanding ladies and political leaders, provides a extra nuanced understanding of the biblical world and its interplay with the broader historic context. Genealogical connections present an important framework for understanding relationships, inheritance, and the continuity of God’s guarantees throughout generations.
The “who’s who” of the Bible provides greater than only a historic document; it gives a profound exploration of the human situation, the complexities of religion, and the continuing relationship between humanity and the divine. Continued examine of those people, inside their historic and literary contexts, yields deeper insights into the enduring energy and relevance of scripture. Partaking with these narratives invitations additional reflection on the timeless themes of covenant, redemption, and the continuing seek for that means and goal in human existence.
