9+ Iceland Weather in June 2024: A Forecast


9+ Iceland Weather in June 2024: A Forecast

June in Iceland sometimes marks the start of summer season, characterised by gentle temperatures, elevated sunlight hours, and customarily much less precipitation in comparison with different months. Common temperatures vary from 7C to 13C (45F to 55F), however variations can happen relying on location and altitude. Coastal areas are usually cooler than inland areas. Whereas rain remains to be potential, June usually sees drier climate, making it a positive time for out of doors actions.

Understanding typical weather conditions for this era permits vacationers to pack appropriately and plan actions accordingly. This data is essential for optimizing journey itineraries, whether or not climbing, tenting, sightseeing, or exploring the Icelandic panorama. Traditionally, June has been a preferred time for visiting Iceland as a result of nice climate and prolonged daylight, which might last as long as 21 hours, providing ample alternative to expertise the “Land of the Midnight Solar.”

The next sections will present a extra detailed have a look at particular features of Icelandic climate in June, together with regional variations, common temperature and precipitation ranges, historic climate information tendencies, and really useful packing lists for guests.

1. Gentle Temperatures

Gentle temperatures characterize June climate in Iceland, enjoying a big position in shaping the general expertise for guests. Averaging between 7C and 13C (45F and 55F), these temperatures symbolize a snug vary for out of doors actions with out excessive chilly or warmth. This average local weather outcomes from a mix of things, together with the warming affect of the Gulf Stream and the rising angle of the solar throughout the lengthening days of early summer season. These gentle temperatures facilitate actions corresponding to climbing, tenting, and sightseeing, making June a preferred vacationer season.

The affect of gentle temperatures extends past easy consolation. They affect the accessibility of sure areas and points of interest. Increased elevation areas, usually snow-covered earlier within the 12 months, change into extra accessible in June as hotter temperatures soften snow and ice. This opens up climbing trails and driving routes, permitting exploration of the various Icelandic panorama. For example, the highlands, sometimes inaccessible throughout winter, change into traversable in June, providing distinctive alternatives to witness Iceland’s geological wonders. Moreover, milder temperatures contribute to the blooming of flora, including vibrancy to the already gorgeous surroundings.

In abstract, gentle temperatures are a defining function of Icelandic climate in June. They’re instrumental in creating favorable situations for out of doors pursuits, increasing entry to numerous areas, and enhancing the general aesthetic expertise. Understanding the prevalence and affect of those average temperatures allows guests to organize adequately and maximize their time exploring Iceland’s various pure magnificence.

2. Elevated Daylight

Elevated sunlight hours are a defining attribute of June in Iceland, considerably impacting the perceived climate and general expertise. The phenomenon, stemming from Iceland’s excessive latitude and the Earth’s axial tilt, ends in prolonged durations of daylight, also known as the “Midnight Solar.” This prolonged daylight influences not solely the perceived temperature but in addition the alternatives for actions and exploration. Longer days permit for extra time to interact in out of doors pursuits like climbing, sightseeing, and wildlife viewing, successfully extending the usable portion of every day. The near-constant daylight additionally contributes to a way of prolonged twilight, even after midnight, providing distinctive photographic alternatives and a particular ambiance.

The elevated sunlight hours have sensible implications for vacationers. It permits for better flexibility in itinerary planning, eliminating the constraints of shorter daylight durations typical of different seasons. For instance, one can embark on a scenic drive alongside the Ring Street nicely into the night with out concern for darkness. This prolonged daylight additionally advantages these searching for to expertise particular pure phenomena, such because the aurora borealis, which, whereas much less frequent in June as a result of brightness, can nonetheless be noticed beneath the fitting situations within the very late night time or early morning. Moreover, the continual daylight can affect sleep patterns; applicable measures like eye masks could also be helpful for making certain sufficient relaxation.

In conclusion, the elevated daylight in June is an integral element of Iceland’s climate expertise. It offers prolonged alternatives for exploration and actions, providing a novel perspective on the Icelandic panorama. Whereas this prolonged daylight presents benefits, guests also needs to be conscious of its potential affect on sleep and plan accordingly. Understanding the implications of prolonged daylight permits for a extra knowledgeable and gratifying journey expertise throughout this era.

3. Much less Precipitation

Diminished precipitation is a trademark of Icelandic climate in June, distinguishing it from the wetter months of the previous spring and subsequent autumn. This lower in rainfall outcomes from shifting climate patterns related to the transition into summer season. The high-pressure techniques that change into extra dominant throughout June typically result in clearer skies and fewer rain occasions. This drier interval has substantial implications for out of doors actions and general journey experiences. Mountain climbing trails change into much less muddy, roads enhance, and the possibilities of experiencing disruptions resulting from heavy rainfall diminish. For example, multi-day trekking expeditions within the highlands change into extra possible and gratifying with much less precipitation.

The sensible significance of much less precipitation extends past leisure actions. It impacts accessibility to sure areas and the viability of infrastructure initiatives. Roads beforehand impassable resulting from flooding or mudslides change into usable, opening up entry to distant areas and facilitating transportation. Moreover, development and upkeep work, usually hampered by inclement climate, can progress extra effectively throughout this drier interval. This contributes to Iceland’s general infrastructure improvement and upkeep schedules. The decrease precipitation additionally advantages agriculture, offering extra favorable situations for crop development and livestock grazing.

In abstract, diminished precipitation in June is a vital facet of Iceland’s climate patterns. It facilitates out of doors recreation, improves accessibility, helps infrastructure improvement, and contributes to agricultural productiveness. Understanding this attribute dry interval permits for efficient planning and optimum utilization of the favorable situations prevalent throughout June in Iceland. Whereas June sometimes experiences much less rainfall, it is essential to keep in mind that Icelandic climate stays inherently variable, and occasional showers are nonetheless potential. Preparedness for all climate situations stays important for a secure and gratifying expertise.

4. Common 7-13C (45-55F)

Common temperatures of 7-13C (45-55F) outline the widely gentle climate characterizing Iceland in June. This vary represents a snug stability, avoiding extremes of warmth or chilly. Understanding this temperature vary is key to anticipating the Icelandic expertise and making ready accordingly. The next aspects discover the implications of this common temperature profile.

  • Influence on Actions:

    These average temperatures facilitate a variety of outside actions. Mountain climbing trails change into accessible, permitting exploration of various terrains from coastal paths to mountainous areas. Tenting turns into a viable choice, with snug in a single day temperatures. Water actions, corresponding to boat excursions and fishing, are additionally nice in these situations. The average temperatures encourage exploration and engagement with the pure setting.

  • Clothes Concerns:

    Packing for 7-13C necessitates layers. Whereas daytime temperatures permit for lighter clothes like t-shirts and trousers, evenings would possibly require hotter layers corresponding to fleece jackets and light-weight sweaters. Rain gear stays important given the potential of showers no matter temperature. Acceptable footwear for various terrains, together with climbing boots and waterproof footwear, can also be advisable.

  • Regional Variations:

    Whereas the 7-13C vary represents the common, regional variations exist. Coastal areas, influenced by ocean currents, are inclined to expertise barely cooler temperatures. Inland areas, shielded from the maritime affect, might even see hotter daytime highs. Altitude additionally performs a job; greater elevations sometimes expertise cooler temperatures. Understanding these regional nuances permits for extra exact packing and planning.

  • Comparability to Different Months:

    In comparison with winter months, June’s common temperatures are considerably greater, marking a transparent transition into summer season. This temperature enhance unlocks accessibility to beforehand snow-bound areas and facilitates a wider vary of outside actions. In comparison with the height summer season months of July and August, June affords barely cooler temperatures, doubtlessly preferable for many who choose milder climate. This comparative context highlights June’s place as a transition interval with its personal distinct traits.

In conclusion, the common temperature vary of 7-13C in June considerably influences the Icelandic expertise. From exercise decisions to packing issues and regional variations, this temperature profile shapes how one interacts with the setting. Recognizing this connection between temperature and general expertise permits for knowledgeable planning and a extra enriching journey by means of Iceland’s distinctive panorama.

5. Coastal Areas Cooler

Coastal areas in Iceland expertise cooler temperatures in June in comparison with inland areas. This temperature differential stems from the moderating affect of the encompassing ocean currents. Understanding this coastal temperature dynamic is essential for precisely anticipating climate situations and packing appropriately for various areas inside Iceland throughout June.

  • Ocean Currents:

    The comparatively cooler temperatures alongside Iceland’s coast consequence primarily from the encompassing ocean currents. Whereas the Gulf Stream brings hotter waters to the area, the encompassing North Atlantic Ocean stays comparatively cool, particularly throughout early summer season. This cool water mass exerts a moderating impact on coastal air temperatures, protecting them decrease than these skilled additional inland. This impact is especially pronounced in areas uncovered to prevailing winds straight off the ocean.

  • Sea Breezes:

    Coastal areas ceaselessly expertise sea breezes, which additional contribute to cooler temperatures. These breezes, generated by temperature variations between the land and sea, convey cool, moist air onshore throughout the day. This phenomenon amplifies the cooling affect of the ocean currents, leading to noticeably decrease temperatures alongside the coast, even on sunny days. Sea breezes also can contribute to elevated humidity and fog formation in coastal areas.

  • Microclimates:

    The interaction of ocean currents, sea breezes, and native topography creates microclimates alongside the Icelandic coast. Fjords, for instance, can entice cool air, resulting in decrease temperatures than uncovered headlands. Equally, areas sheltered from prevailing winds could expertise barely hotter situations than these uncovered to direct oceanic affect. Understanding these microclimatic variations is essential for correct localized climate prediction.

  • Influence on Actions:

    The cooler coastal temperatures necessitate particular clothes decisions for actions in these areas. Whereas inland areas would possibly allow lighter clothes, coastal explorations usually require windproof and waterproof outer layers. Hikers must be ready for quickly altering situations, as sunshine can rapidly give strategy to cool, misty climate resulting from sea breezes. Layering stays important for adapting to fluctuating temperatures.

In abstract, the cooler temperatures attribute of Iceland’s coastal areas throughout June come up from the mixed affect of ocean currents, sea breezes, and localized microclimates. Recognizing these elements permits for extra knowledgeable packing selections and sensible expectations relating to climate situations. This consciousness enhances preparedness and contributes to a extra gratifying and secure expertise when exploring Iceland’s various coastal landscapes throughout June.

6. Inland Areas Hotter

Inland areas of Iceland expertise hotter temperatures in June in comparison with coastal areas. This temperature distinction outcomes primarily from the moderating impact of the ocean on coastal climates. The ocean, with its greater warmth capability, absorbs and releases warmth extra slowly than landmasses. Consequently, coastal areas stay cooler as a result of ocean’s affect, whereas inland areas heat up extra readily beneath the summer season solar. This impact is amplified by the diminished affect of sea breezes additional inland. The absence of cool, moist air flowing from the ocean permits inland temperatures to rise greater throughout the day. This phenomenon creates distinct temperature gradients throughout Iceland, with hotter situations prevailing farther from the coast.

This temperature differential considerably impacts vegetation patterns and agricultural practices. Inland areas, with their hotter temperatures and longer rising season, assist several types of vegetation in comparison with the cooler coastal zones. Agriculture advantages from the hotter inland temperatures, permitting for cultivation of sure crops that might not thrive within the cooler coastal climates. The hotter inland temperatures additionally affect animal husbandry practices, affecting grazing patterns and livestock administration methods. For instance, sheep farming, a big a part of Icelandic agriculture, advantages from the hotter inland pastures throughout the summer season months. Moreover, the hotter temperatures inland affect infrastructure improvement, as sure development actions are extra possible throughout the hotter and drier inland summer season situations.

Understanding the temperature variations between coastal and inland Iceland is crucial for vacationers and residents alike. Packing for inland journey requires consideration of doubtless hotter daytime temperatures. Actions corresponding to climbing and tenting inland could necessitate totally different gear and techniques in comparison with coastal excursions. Consciousness of those temperature variations permits for higher planning and preparation, optimizing experiences and making certain security whereas exploring the various landscapes of Iceland throughout June. The hotter inland temperatures contribute considerably to the general range of Iceland’s setting, supporting a spread of ecosystems and financial actions. This understanding is essential for each experiencing and managing the distinctive Icelandic panorama.

7. Occasional Rain Showers

Whereas June is taken into account one in every of Iceland’s drier months, occasional rain showers stay a risk and an integral facet of the general climate sample. Understanding the potential for rain is essential for knowledgeable journey planning and making certain a secure and gratifying expertise. This consciousness permits guests to organize adequately and mitigate potential disruptions brought on by unpredictable showers. The next aspects delve into the character and affect of those occasional rain occasions inside the broader context of Icelandic climate in June.

  • Frequency and Depth:

    Rain showers in June are usually much less frequent and fewer intense in comparison with different seasons. Whereas statistically much less possible than in spring or autumn, rain can nonetheless happen. These showers are sometimes short-lived and localized, interspersed with durations of sunshine or cloudy skies. This variability highlights the dynamic nature of Icelandic climate, even throughout the comparatively drier months. The depth of those showers can range, starting from gentle drizzles to temporary durations of heavier rainfall.

  • Influence on Actions:

    Occasional rain showers can affect deliberate out of doors actions. Mountain climbing, tenting, and sightseeing would possibly require changes or non permanent interruptions. Having waterproof gear, corresponding to jackets, trousers, and backpacks, is crucial for persevering with actions comfortably throughout showers. It is also advisable to test climate forecasts usually and be ready for altering situations. Flexibility in itinerary planning is essential for adapting to potential rain-related disruptions.

  • Regional Variations:

    The frequency and depth of rain showers can range regionally. Coastal areas, notably these uncovered to southerly or westerly winds, would possibly expertise barely extra frequent showers in comparison with inland areas. Mountainous areas also can expertise localized precipitation resulting from orographic carry. Consciousness of those regional variations helps in planning actions and selecting locations primarily based on most well-liked climate situations.

  • Street Circumstances:

    Whereas much less frequent than in different seasons, rain showers can nonetheless have an effect on highway situations, notably in gravel or unpaved areas. Sure roads, particularly within the highlands, would possibly change into muddy or slippery after rainfall, requiring cautious driving and doubtlessly impacting accessibility. Checking highway situations and adhering to security tips is crucial for navigating Iceland’s highway community during times of rain.

In conclusion, understanding the potential for infrequent rain showers is key to precisely characterizing Icelandic climate in June. Whereas much less prevalent than in wetter months, rain stays an element influencing journey experiences. Preparedness, flexibility, and consciousness of regional variations are important for navigating potential disruptions and making certain a secure and rewarding journey by means of Iceland’s various landscapes. By acknowledging the potential of rain and taking applicable precautions, guests can totally recognize the distinctive magnificence and dynamic climate patterns that outline Iceland in June.

8. Supreme for out of doors actions

The confluence of a number of meteorological elements makes June in Iceland ultimate for out of doors actions. Gentle temperatures, averaging between 7-13C (45-55F), present snug situations for prolonged durations outside. Diminished precipitation in comparison with different seasons decreases the probability of disruptions resulting from rain, making climbing trails extra accessible and tenting extra gratifying. Concurrently, elevated sunlight hours, culminating within the “Midnight Solar” phenomenon, prolong the time obtainable for exploration and recreation. This mixture of things creates an setting conducive to a variety of outside pursuits. Mountain climbing trails in various landscapes, from coastal cliffs to volcanic highlands, change into readily accessible. Tenting beneath the prolonged daylight affords a novel expertise. Alternatives abound for wildlife viewing, exploring glaciers, and fascinating in actions like kayaking and horseback driving. For instance, the Laugavegur Path, one in every of Iceland’s hottest multi-day treks, sometimes opens in June, providing hikers the possibility to expertise the Icelandic highlands beneath favorable situations.

The suitability of Iceland’s June climate for out of doors actions extends past mere consolation and accessibility. It enhances the general expertise, enriching interactions with the distinctive pure setting. Prolonged daylight permits for extra in-depth exploration of geological formations, waterfalls, and geothermal areas. The milder temperatures make observing wildlife, corresponding to puffins and whales, extra nice. Moreover, the comparatively secure climate patterns of June enhance the predictability of situations, aiding in logistical planning for multi-day adventures. This predictability is invaluable for actions corresponding to glacier climbing or kayaking, which require particular climate home windows for secure execution. The mixture of appropriate temperatures, decreased precipitation, and prolonged daylight fosters a deeper reference to the Icelandic panorama.

In conclusion, the “ultimate for out of doors actions” designation related to Icelandic climate in June stems from a convergence of favorable meteorological situations. This convergence facilitates accessibility to various landscapes, enhances the general high quality of outside experiences, and allows extra predictable planning of adventures. Recognizing this interconnectedness permits for knowledgeable decision-making, contributing to safer and extra enriching explorations of Iceland’s pure wonders. Whereas acknowledging the potential for infrequent showers and regional variations, June’s climate typically offers an optimum setting for experiencing the distinctive magnificence and journey that Iceland affords.

9. Midnight Solar Expertise

The Midnight Solar expertise is intrinsically linked to Iceland’s climate in June. This phenomenon, characterised by near-continuous daylight, outcomes from Iceland’s excessive latitude and the Earth’s axial tilt throughout the summer season solstice interval. The prolonged sunlight hours considerably affect not solely the perceived climate but in addition the vary of actions potential throughout this time, making it a novel facet of visiting Iceland in June.

  • Prolonged Daylight Hours

    Essentially the most distinguished function of the Midnight Solar is the prolonged daylight. In June, Iceland experiences as much as 21 hours of daylight per day. This prolonged daylight considerably impacts exercise planning, permitting for extra flexibility in scheduling excursions and explorations. For instance, climbing, sightseeing, and wildlife viewing could be pursued nicely into the night hours. This prolonged daylight contributes to a way of timelessness, blurring the boundaries between day and night time.

  • Influence on Perceived Temperature

    Whereas circuitously altering air temperature, the continual daylight can affect the perceived temperature, notably throughout calm and clear situations. The prolonged publicity to photo voltaic radiation could make the air really feel hotter than the precise measured temperature, particularly throughout the afternoon and night hours. This phenomenon can affect clothes decisions and exercise planning, doubtlessly permitting for lighter apparel throughout the prolonged sunlight hours.

  • Photographic Alternatives

    The Midnight Solar offers distinctive photographic alternatives. The prolonged twilight hours, characterised by a tender, golden gentle, create a definite ambiance ultimate for capturing landscapes, wildlife, and pure phenomena. The extended interval of usable gentle permits photographers to experiment with totally different lighting situations and seize scenes not potential during times of shorter daylight. This distinctive lighting considerably contributes to the aesthetic enchantment of Iceland in June.

  • Influence on Sleep

    The continual daylight can disrupt sleep patterns for some people. The absence of full darkness could make it difficult to go to sleep or keep common sleep cycles. This potential disruption requires vacationers to contemplate methods for adapting to the bizarre gentle situations. Eye masks and blackout curtains could be efficient instruments for mitigating the affect of steady daylight on sleep high quality. Adapting to this distinctive facet of the Midnight Solar expertise ensures a extra restful and gratifying keep.

In abstract, the Midnight Solar expertise is an integral a part of Iceland’s climate in June. It influences not solely the size of the day but in addition perceived temperatures, photographic alternatives, and sleep patterns. Understanding these aspects of the Midnight Solar phenomenon offers context for planning a visit to Iceland throughout this time, permitting guests to totally recognize the distinctive mix of prolonged daylight and its related results on the setting and general journey expertise. The Midnight Solar, coupled with Junes typically gentle climate and decreased precipitation, makes it an interesting time to discover the various and dramatic landscapes of Iceland.

Continuously Requested Questions on Iceland’s Climate in June

This part addresses widespread inquiries relating to climate situations in Iceland throughout June, offering concise and informative responses.

Query 1: How a lot rain can one anticipate in Iceland throughout June?

Whereas June is amongst Iceland’s drier months, occasional rain showers are nonetheless potential. Common rainfall varies regionally, with coastal areas doubtlessly experiencing extra frequent, albeit sometimes lighter, showers than inland areas. Packing waterproof gear is really useful.

Query 2: What are the everyday temperature ranges in Iceland throughout June?

Common temperatures in Iceland throughout June vary from 7C to 13C (45F to 55F). Nonetheless, regional variations exist, with coastal areas typically cooler than inland areas as a result of moderating affect of the ocean. Increased altitudes additionally expertise cooler temperatures.

Query 3: What kind of clothes is really useful for journey to Iceland in June?

Layering is essential for Iceland in June. Pack a mix of light-weight clothes for hotter days, corresponding to t-shirts and trousers, together with fleece jackets, sweaters, and a water-resistant outer layer for cooler evenings and potential rain showers. Sturdy, waterproof footwear can also be important.

Query 4: Does the Midnight Solar have an effect on temperatures in Iceland throughout June?

The Midnight Solar, characterised by prolonged sunlight hours, would not straight change air temperature however can affect perceived temperature. The continual daylight could make the air really feel hotter, particularly within the afternoon and night, notably in calm, clear situations.

Query 5: Are there regional variations in climate situations throughout Iceland in June?

Sure, regional variations exist. Coastal areas are usually cooler and doubtlessly expertise extra frequent rain showers in comparison with inland areas, that are typically hotter and drier. Mountainous areas also can expertise distinctive microclimates, together with decrease temperatures and localized precipitation.

Query 6: How predictable is the climate in Iceland throughout June?

Whereas typically extra secure than in different seasons, Icelandic climate stays inherently variable. Whereas June is often drier, sudden rain showers are potential. Checking climate forecasts usually and packing for a spread of situations is suggested.

Understanding these ceaselessly requested questions helps vacationers put together adequately and anticipate the vary of climate situations potential in Iceland throughout June. Planning for variable climate ensures a safer and extra gratifying journey expertise.

For additional insights, the next sections will discover particular features of Icelandic climate in June, together with detailed regional analyses and historic information tendencies.

Suggestions for Navigating Iceland’s Climate in June

The next ideas present sensible steering for navigating Iceland’s distinctive climate situations throughout June, enabling a safer and extra gratifying expertise.

Tip 1: Pack Layers:
Icelandic climate can change quickly. Layering clothes permits adaptation to fluctuating temperatures and situations. Combining base layers, fleece or sweaters, and a water-resistant outer shell offers flexibility and luxury.

Tip 2: Monitor Forecasts Usually:
Climate patterns in Iceland are dynamic. Usually checking forecasts from respected sources, such because the Icelandic Meteorological Workplace, offers essential updates and informs decision-making relating to actions and journey plans.

Tip 3: Put together for Rain:
Whereas June is comparatively dry, rain showers can happen. Packing waterproof gear, together with jackets, trousers, and backpack covers, ensures preparedness for sudden precipitation and prevents disruptions to out of doors actions.

Tip 4: Take into account Regional Variations:
Climate situations range throughout Iceland. Coastal areas are usually cooler and expertise extra frequent showers than inland areas. Researching particular locations and packing accordingly ensures applicable apparel and equipment.

Tip 5: Defend Towards the Midnight Solar:
The prolonged sunlight hours can disrupt sleep patterns. Packing eye masks and using blackout curtains in lodging may also help mitigate this impact and guarantee sufficient relaxation.

Tip 6: Select Acceptable Footwear:
Iceland’s terrain varies extensively, from rocky coastlines to volcanic landscapes. Sturdy, waterproof climbing boots are really useful for many out of doors actions, offering ankle assist and safety from moist situations. Lighter, waterproof footwear could suffice for city exploration.

Tip 7: Be Ready for Wind:
Iceland can expertise robust winds, particularly in coastal and uncovered areas. Packing windproof layers and securing unfastened objects minimizes discomfort and potential harm.

By heeding the following tips, vacationers can mitigate potential challenges posed by Iceland’s distinctive climate in June. Preparation and consciousness improve security and delight, permitting for a richer and extra fulfilling Icelandic expertise.

The next conclusion will synthesize key insights relating to Iceland’s climate in June and provide remaining suggestions for planning a profitable journey.

Conclusion

Icelandic climate in June presents a novel mixture of gentle temperatures, prolonged daylight, and diminished precipitation. Common temperatures sometimes vary from 7-13C (45-55F), creating snug situations for out of doors exploration. The prolonged sunlight hours, culminating within the Midnight Solar phenomenon, provide ample alternatives for actions and contribute to a particular ambiance. Whereas June is relatively drier than different seasons, occasional rain showers stay a risk. Regional variations exist, with coastal areas typically cooler and doubtlessly wetter than inland areas. Understanding these nuances is essential for efficient journey planning.

Profitable navigation of Iceland’s June climate necessitates preparedness and flexibility. Packing layers, monitoring forecasts, and having applicable rain gear are important. Consciousness of regional variations and the potential affect of the Midnight Solar on sleep patterns permits for knowledgeable decision-making. By acknowledging the dynamic nature of Icelandic climate and planning accordingly, guests can optimize their expertise and totally recognize the distinctive magnificence and alternatives this season affords. This preparation transforms potential weather-related challenges into alternatives for deeper engagement with the Icelandic panorama.