9+ Best Northern Spain Weather in October: A Guide


9+ Best Northern Spain Weather in October: A Guide

October in Spain’s northern areas presents a transitional interval between summer time’s heat and winter’s chill. Anticipate average temperatures, starting from crisp mornings to nice afternoons, alongside elevated rainfall in comparison with the drier summer time months. This era additionally sees the foliage start its transformation into autumnal hues, portray the landscapes with vibrant colours.

Understanding the weather conditions prevalent throughout this time is essential for vacationers planning autumnal excursions. Packing layers is really useful to accommodate fluctuating temperatures, whereas waterproof outerwear is crucial given the elevated probability of precipitation. This season gives a singular alternative to expertise the area’s pure magnificence in a distinct gentle, with fewer crowds and a extra tranquil environment. Traditionally, October marks the top of the principle vacationer season and a return to native routines after the summer time inflow.

The next sections delve into extra particular particulars relating to temperature ranges, precipitation expectations, and regional variations throughout northern Spain throughout October. Moreover, suggestions for actions and locations finest suited to this time of 12 months might be offered.

1. Delicate Days

Delicate days characterize October in northern Spain, providing a nice distinction to the warmer summer time months and the colder winter interval to return. Common daytime temperatures sometimes vary from 15-20C (59-68F), creating snug circumstances for out of doors actions. This mildness stems from the lingering heat of the summer time solar, moderated by the rising affect of Atlantic air lots. Coastal areas, notably alongside the Bay of Biscay, expertise a maritime affect that additional moderates temperature fluctuations. Inland, temperatures can range extra considerably, with cooler nights and barely hotter daytime highs in areas sheltered from coastal breezes. These delicate temperatures contribute to the area’s enchantment in autumn, offering snug circumstances for exploring cities, mountaineering scenic trails, and having fun with the colourful fall foliage.

The prevalence of delicate days in October permits for a wider vary of actions in comparison with different occasions of the 12 months. Guests can comfortably discover historic websites, wander by means of charming cities, or partake in out of doors pursuits equivalent to biking or kayaking. For instance, the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage route stays accessible and pleasing in October because of the average temperatures. Farmers markets showcasing seasonal produce thrive in these circumstances, providing guests a style of native flavors. The delicate climate additionally extends the season for having fun with out of doors eating and cultural occasions.

Whereas delicate days are a trademark of October in northern Spain, it is essential to acknowledge the potential for variability. Occasional cooler days and intervals of rain are attainable, notably because the month progresses. Understanding this nuance permits vacationers to arrange adequately with layered clothes, guaranteeing they’ll comfortably benefit from the area’s choices no matter slight day-to-day fluctuations. This era of delicate climate represents a transitional section, bridging the hole between the colourful summer time and the quieter winter months, providing a singular perspective on northern Spain’s panorama and tradition.

2. Cool Nights

Cool nights are a defining attribute of October climate in northern Spain, distinguishing it from the hotter summer time months. This drop in temperature after sundown is a vital facet to contemplate when planning autumn journey to the area. Understanding the implications of cooler nighttime circumstances permits for efficient packing and itinerary planning, maximizing consolation and pleasure throughout the journey.

  • Temperature Variations

    Nighttime temperatures in October throughout northern Spain typically vary from 8-14C (46-57F). This represents a major lower in comparison with daytime highs, typically exceeding a 10C distinction. Coastal areas might expertise barely moderated nighttime lows because of the ocean’s thermal inertia, whereas inland valleys and mountainous areas can expertise colder temperatures, sometimes dipping close to freezing.

  • Packing Implications

    The shift to cooler nights necessitates packing layers. Heat sweaters, jackets, and even gentle scarves or gloves can improve consolation throughout evenings spent exploring cities or having fun with out of doors eating. Lodging might not at all times present strong heating, additional emphasizing the significance of packing acceptable clothes for cooler nighttime circumstances.

  • Impression on Actions

    Whereas daytime temperatures stay appropriate for a variety of out of doors actions, cool nights can affect night plans. Outside eating experiences grow to be extra pleasing with acceptable apparel. Stargazing alternatives improve with clearer skies, however the cooler temperatures require preparation. Night festivals or cultural occasions might necessitate hotter clothes than throughout the daytime.

  • Microclimate Issues

    The impression of cool nights is especially pronounced in mountainous areas. Increased altitudes expertise extra important temperature drops, rising the probability of frost and probably even early snowfall. Vacationers venturing into these areas ought to put together for colder circumstances and pack accordingly. Coastal areas, whereas typically milder, can nonetheless expertise cool evenings, notably in uncovered places topic to sea breezes.

The mixture of delicate days and funky nights in northern Spain throughout October creates a singular climatic setting. This transition interval, whereas requiring cautious preparation relating to clothes selections, supplies a possibility to expertise the area in a distinct gentle, with crisp air, vibrant autumn colours, and a quieter environment in comparison with the height summer time season.

3. Elevated Rainfall

October marks a shift in direction of wetter circumstances in northern Spain, distinguishing it from the drier summer time months. Elevated rainfall turns into a defining attribute of the area’s climate throughout this era, influencing journey plans and out of doors actions. Understanding the patterns and implications of this elevated precipitation is essential for experiencing northern Spain in October.

  • Regional Variations

    Rainfall distribution throughout northern Spain in October reveals regional variations. Coastal areas, notably alongside the Bay of Biscay, expertise larger precipitation ranges as a consequence of their publicity to Atlantic climate methods. Inland areas, whereas additionally experiencing elevated rainfall in comparison with summer time, typically obtain decrease quantities than coastal zones. Mountainous areas can expertise precipitation within the type of each rain and snow, notably at larger altitudes.

  • Impression on Actions

    Elevated rainfall necessitates planning for out of doors actions. Carrying umbrellas or waterproof outerwear turns into important for snug exploration. Climbing trails might grow to be muddy or slippery, requiring acceptable footwear. Outside occasions could also be affected by rain, highlighting the necessity for contingency plans. Sure actions, equivalent to coastal walks or open-air picnics, could be much less pleasing in periods of heavy rainfall.

  • Advantages of Rainfall

    Whereas typically perceived as a hindrance, elevated rainfall contributes to the area’s vibrant autumn landscapes. The rain nourishes the vegetation, enhancing the colours of the autumn foliage. Rivers and waterfalls swell, creating dramatic pure spectacles. The replenished water sources profit native ecosystems and agriculture, contributing to the general well being of the area.

  • Climate Preparedness

    Efficient climate preparedness turns into paramount in October. Consulting forecasts earlier than embarking on out of doors excursions permits for knowledgeable decision-making. Packing versatile clothes appropriate for each delicate and moist circumstances ensures consolation and adaptableness. Selecting lodging with indoor areas for leisure or different actions supplies choices in periods of heavy rainfall. Understanding the potential for elevated rainfall empowers vacationers to navigate the climate circumstances successfully and nonetheless benefit from the distinctive experiences northern Spain gives in October.

The elevated rainfall in northern Spain throughout October, whereas requiring cautious planning, contributes considerably to the area’s character throughout this time. The interaction of rain and delicate temperatures creates a singular atmospheric high quality, shaping landscapes, influencing actions, and including a definite dimension to the autumnal expertise.

4. Autumn Foliage

October’s climate circumstances in northern Spain straight affect the onset and vibrancy of autumn foliage. The mixture of reducing temperatures, shorter sunlight hours, and elevated rainfall triggers the bushes’ transition into their autumnal hues. Deciduous bushes, ample within the area’s forests and landscapes, reply to those environmental cues by ceasing chlorophyll manufacturing, revealing the underlying pigments of yellow, orange, and purple. The precise timing and depth of the colour change range relying on altitude, species, and microclimate. As an example, larger elevations sometimes expertise the colour change earlier as a consequence of colder temperatures, whereas coastal areas may even see a delayed onset because of the moderating affect of the ocean. The combo of tree species, from beech and oak to chestnut and maple, creates a various tapestry of colours throughout the panorama.

The colourful autumn foliage contributes considerably to the area’s aesthetic enchantment throughout October. The landscapes rework right into a spectacle of coloration, attracting guests searching for scenic drives, hikes, and images alternatives. Particular places famend for his or her autumn foliage shows embody the Picos de Europa Nationwide Park, the forests of the Irati Valley in Navarre, and the vineyards of La Rioja, the place the altering leaves add a singular dimension to the wine-harvesting season. This pure phenomenon additionally has cultural implications, influencing native festivals and traditions celebrating the harvest and the altering seasons. The financial impression of autumn foliage tourism turns into notable throughout October, with elevated customer numbers benefiting native companies and communities.

Appreciating the connection between autumn foliage and October’s climate in northern Spain supplies a deeper understanding of the area’s pure rhythms. The interaction of temperature, rainfall, and sunlight hours orchestrates this vibrant show, enriching the expertise for guests and locals alike. Recognizing the potential impression of local weather change on these delicate seasonal transitions additional underscores the significance of sustainable practices and environmental consciousness. Planning journey or actions round peak foliage intervals enhances the chance to witness this pure spectacle, contributing to a extra fulfilling autumnal expertise in northern Spain.

5. Fewer Crowds

October in northern Spain experiences a major lower in vacationer crowds in comparison with the height summer time months. This decline correlates straight with the shift in climate patterns. As temperatures cool and rainfall will increase, the area turns into much less interesting to the everyday summer time vacationer searching for sunshine and seashore holidays. This transition creates a extra tranquil environment, notably noticeable in widespread locations equivalent to San Sebastin, Bilbao, and Santander. The diminished congestion permits for a extra relaxed exploration of historic websites, museums, and pure landscapes. Sensible implications embody simpler entry to lodging, eating places, and transportation, typically at decrease costs in comparison with peak season. For instance, reserving widespread eating places or securing tickets to points of interest turns into much less difficult. Moreover, the diminished crowds improve the chance to have interaction with native tradition and expertise a extra genuine aspect of northern Spain.

The connection between fewer crowds and the October climate presents distinct benefits for sure kinds of vacationers. These searching for a quieter, extra introspective expertise profit considerably from the decreased vacationer exercise. Nature fanatics can take pleasure in mountaineering trails and pure parks with larger solitude, enhancing their reference to the panorama. Pictures fanatics discover extra alternatives to seize the area’s magnificence with out the distractions of enormous crowds. The cooler temperatures and elevated rainfall additionally create a distinct aesthetic, interesting to those that respect the dramatic skies and autumnal colours. Furthermore, the diminished demand for providers typically interprets to higher worth for vacationers, with potential reductions on lodging and excursions. This shift in tourism dynamics creates a definite shoulder season enchantment, attracting a distinct kind of traveler in comparison with the summer time months.

Understanding the connection between climate and crowd ranges in northern Spain throughout October permits for strategic journey planning. Vacationers prioritizing a much less crowded expertise can maximize their enjoyment by visiting throughout this era. Researching particular occasions or festivals occurring in October can additional improve the cultural immersion, as these occasions typically cater to native communities slightly than giant vacationer teams. Recognizing the trade-offs between climate circumstances and crowd ranges empowers vacationers to make knowledgeable selections aligned with their preferences and journey type. This consciousness contributes to a extra fulfilling and genuine journey expertise, showcasing a distinct side of northern Spain’s allure.

6. Transitional Season

October signifies a transitional season in northern Spain, bridging the hole between summer time’s heat and winter’s chill. This transitional interval manifests in a number of key points of the area’s climate. Temperatures average, transferring from hotter daytime highs to cooler nighttime lows. Rainfall will increase, replenishing water sources and influencing the vibrancy of autumn foliage. Daytime shorten, signaling the approaching winter. These shifts signify a departure from the constant summer time climate patterns and create a extra dynamic, variable local weather. The transitional nature of October influences agricultural cycles, with the grape harvest concluding in lots of wine-growing areas and preparations starting for winter crops. Pure ecosystems additionally reply to those adjustments, with deciduous bushes shedding their leaves and animals making ready for hibernation or migration.

The implications of this transitional season are substantial for each the pure setting and human actions. Altering climate patterns affect tourism, shifting from beach-focused summer time actions to autumnal pursuits equivalent to mountaineering and cultural exploration. Native festivals and traditions typically revolve round harvest celebrations and seasonal transitions. Agricultural practices adapt to the altering circumstances, impacting native economies and meals manufacturing. Understanding the transitional nature of October permits for higher preparedness, whether or not planning out of doors actions, attending native occasions, or just appreciating the nuances of the area’s local weather. As an example, packing layered clothes turns into important to accommodate fluctuating temperatures, and consciousness of elevated rainfall informs selections about out of doors excursions. Recognizing October as a transitional season supplies context for understanding the area’s dynamic setting and cultural rhythms.

In abstract, October’s designation as a transitional season in northern Spain encapsulates the dynamic interaction of adjusting temperatures, elevated rainfall, and shortening sunlight hours. This transitional interval influences pure ecosystems, agricultural practices, and tourism patterns. Recognizing this attribute permits efficient planning and a deeper appreciation of the area’s distinctive autumnal character. The transition between seasons underscores the interconnectedness of climate, setting, and human actions, contributing considerably to the general expertise of visiting or residing in northern Spain throughout October.

7. Variable Circumstances

Variable circumstances outline October climate in northern Spain, distinguishing it from the extra predictable summer time months. This variability stems from the area’s geographical location, influenced by each Atlantic and continental climate methods. The interplay of those methods creates dynamic circumstances, leading to fluctuations in temperature, rainfall, and wind. Coastal areas expertise a maritime affect, moderating temperature extremes however rising the probability of precipitation. Inland areas, notably these sheltered by mountains, can expertise wider temperature swings and fewer rainfall. Altitude additionally performs a major function, with larger elevations experiencing colder temperatures and elevated possibilities of snowfall. For instance, a sunny morning in Bilbao may transition to a wet afternoon, whereas the Picos de Europa mountains may expertise snowfall on the identical day. This variability underscores the significance of checking detailed native forecasts when planning actions.

Sensible implications of this variability are important for vacationers. Packing layers turns into important to accommodate fluctuating temperatures all through the day. Waterproof outerwear is essential given the unpredictable nature of rainfall. Journey itineraries ought to incorporate flexibility to regulate plans primarily based on altering climate circumstances. As an example, out of doors actions may must be rescheduled or different indoor choices thought-about. Understanding the potential for variable circumstances permits for knowledgeable decision-making, minimizing disruptions and maximizing enjoyment. This consciousness additionally highlights the significance of selecting lodging with facilities appropriate for each indoor and out of doors actions. Checking street circumstances earlier than embarking on scenic drives, particularly in mountainous areas, is essential for security.

Variable circumstances, whereas presenting challenges, contribute to the distinctive character of northern Spain in October. This dynamic climate creates a way of anticipation and encourages adaptability. The interaction of sunshine, rain, and wind shapes the landscapes and influences the experiences of holiday makers. Recognizing this variability as an inherent facet of the area’s autumnal local weather permits for a extra knowledgeable and in the end extra rewarding journey expertise. Planning for a variety of climate potentialities ensures preparedness and permits vacationers to embrace the unpredictable fantastic thing about northern Spain in October.

8. Coastal Influences

Coastal influences play a major function in shaping the climate skilled throughout northern Spain throughout October. The proximity to the Bay of Biscay, part of the Atlantic Ocean recognized for its dynamic climate methods, exerts a moderating impact on temperatures. This maritime affect prevents excessive temperature fluctuations, conserving daytime highs typically milder than inland areas and nighttime lows barely hotter. Nevertheless, this proximity additionally will increase the probability of precipitation. Prevailing westerly winds carry moisture-laden air from the Atlantic, leading to larger rainfall quantities alongside the coast in comparison with inland areas. This elevated humidity may also contribute to a notion of cooler temperatures, notably when mixed with wind chill. The coastal topography, that includes cliffs, estuaries, and seashores, additional interacts with these climate patterns, creating localized microclimates. For instance, coastal cities like San Sebastin and Santander expertise larger common rainfall and extra constant temperatures in comparison with inland cities like Pamplona or Vitoria-Gasteiz.

Understanding the impression of coastal influences is essential for deciphering climate forecasts and planning actions in northern Spain throughout October. Coastal areas expertise the next frequency of rain occasions, although typically of shorter length, in comparison with inland areas. The mixture of delicate temperatures and elevated humidity can create a humid, cool sensation, necessitating acceptable clothes selections. Fog can also be extra prevalent in coastal areas because of the interplay of heat, moist air with cooler sea temperatures. These circumstances can impression visibility, notably alongside the coast and in mountainous areas close to the ocean. Vacationers ought to anticipate these circumstances and pack accordingly, contemplating waterproof and windproof outerwear. Planning for indoor actions or different locations supplies choices in periods of inclement climate. Coastal climate patterns additionally affect marine actions, with sea circumstances probably affecting boat excursions or water sports activities.

In abstract, coastal influences contribute considerably to the attribute climate patterns of northern Spain in October. The moderating impact on temperatures, elevated rainfall, and better humidity distinguish coastal areas from inland areas. Recognizing these influences permits for extra correct interpretation of climate forecasts and facilitates efficient planning for actions. This understanding enhances preparedness and contributes to a extra knowledgeable and pleasing expertise of northern Spain’s distinctive autumnal coastal local weather.

9. Mountain Microclimates

Mountain microclimates exert a major affect on climate patterns inside northern Spain throughout October, creating distinct variations from the final regional traits. Altitude considerably impacts temperature, precipitation, and wind circumstances, leading to localized climate methods that differ markedly from decrease elevation areas. Understanding these microclimates is essential for deciphering climate forecasts and planning actions in mountainous areas throughout the autumn months. The advanced topography of northern Spain, that includes ranges just like the Picos de Europa, the Pyrenees, and the Cantabrian Mountains, creates various microclimatic zones, every with distinctive traits.

  • Temperature Variations

    Temperature decreases with rising altitude, resulting in considerably colder circumstances in mountainous areas in comparison with decrease elevations. This lapse charge, sometimes round 6.5C per 1000 meters, can lead to substantial temperature variations inside comparatively brief distances. Consequently, whereas coastal areas may expertise delicate temperatures in October, larger mountain slopes might expertise freezing temperatures, probably resulting in early snowfall. This variation necessitates cautious consideration of clothes and gear when venturing into mountainous areas.

  • Precipitation Patterns

    Mountains affect precipitation patterns by means of orographic carry. As moist air lots encounter mountain slopes, they’re compelled upwards, cool, and condense, resulting in elevated precipitation on windward slopes. This impact can lead to considerably larger rainfall or snowfall in mountainous areas in comparison with surrounding lowlands. Leeward slopes, conversely, typically expertise a rain shadow impact, leading to drier circumstances. These localized precipitation patterns contribute to the various microclimates noticed throughout northern Spain’s mountain ranges.

  • Wind Results

    Mountainous terrain influences wind patterns, creating localized wind methods that may range dramatically from regional wind circumstances. Valley breezes, mountain waves, and katabatic winds are widespread phenomena in mountainous areas, influencing temperature and precipitation patterns. Robust winds can exacerbate the chilling impact of decrease temperatures, necessitating windproof clothes. Moreover, wind circumstances can impression the security of mountaineering and different out of doors actions, requiring cautious consideration of climate forecasts and route planning.

  • Impression on Vegetation

    The distinct microclimates of mountainous areas affect vegetation patterns. Altitude-dependent temperature gradients create distinct vegetation zones, starting from deciduous forests at decrease elevations to alpine meadows and naked rock at larger altitudes. These variations in vegetation affect the expertise of mountaineering and different out of doors actions, providing various landscapes and ecosystems inside comparatively brief distances. The autumn foliage shows, whereas outstanding throughout northern Spain, happen at completely different occasions and with various depth relying on the particular microclimate.

The interaction of temperature variations, precipitation patterns, wind results, and their affect on vegetation contribute to the advanced mosaic of mountain microclimates throughout northern Spain in October. Recognizing these microclimates as distinct entities throughout the broader regional climate patterns is crucial for planning secure and pleasing autumnal excursions in mountainous areas. Cautious consideration of altitude, facet, and localized climate forecasts empowers vacationers to arrange adequately and respect the distinctive traits of those various environments.

Regularly Requested Questions on Northern Spain Climate in October

This part addresses widespread inquiries relating to climate circumstances in northern Spain throughout October, offering concise and informative responses.

Query 1: What typical temperature vary can one anticipate in northern Spain throughout October?

Daytime temperatures sometimes common between 15-20C (59-68F), whereas nighttime temperatures can drop to 8-14C (46-57F). Variations exist primarily based on altitude and proximity to the coast.

Query 2: How considerably does rainfall improve in October in comparison with the summer time months?

Rainfall will increase notably in October, notably alongside the coastal areas because of the affect of Atlantic climate methods. Inland areas additionally expertise elevated precipitation, though typically lower than coastal zones.

Query 3: Is specialised clothes really useful for October journey in northern Spain?

Layered clothes is crucial as a consequence of temperature fluctuations all through the day. Waterproof and windproof outerwear are extremely really useful given the elevated rainfall and potential for sturdy winds, particularly in coastal and mountainous areas.

Query 4: Does October provide alternatives to witness autumn foliage in northern Spain?

October is a wonderful time to witness the colourful autumn foliage shows throughout northern Spain. The altering leaves contribute considerably to the area’s scenic magnificence throughout this era.

Query 5: How do crowd ranges in October evaluate to the height summer time season?

Vacationer crowds lower considerably in October in comparison with the summer time months, providing a extra tranquil expertise and simpler entry to lodging and points of interest.

Query 6: Are there particular regional variations in climate circumstances throughout northern Spain throughout October?

Sure, important regional variations exist. Coastal areas expertise a maritime affect with milder temperatures however elevated rainfall. Inland areas can expertise wider temperature swings, whereas mountainous areas have distinct microclimates with colder temperatures and potential snowfall at larger altitudes.

Understanding these widespread queries facilitates knowledgeable planning for journey to northern Spain in October. Cautious consideration of those elements enhances the probability of a cushty and pleasing expertise.

The following sections delve deeper into particular regional variations and provide suggestions for actions and locations finest suited to the October local weather.

Ideas for Navigating Northern Spain’s October Climate

Efficient journey planning requires consideration of particular weather-related elements. The following tips present sensible steerage for navigating northern Spain’s local weather in October.

Tip 1: Pack Layers: Fluctuating temperatures necessitate adaptable clothes. Layering permits changes all through the day, guaranteeing consolation in each milder daytime circumstances and cooler evenings.

Tip 2: Embrace Waterproof Gear: Elevated rainfall necessitates waterproof outerwear, together with jackets, trousers, and footwear. Umbrellas provide extra safety throughout showers.

Tip 3: Seek the advice of Regional Forecasts: Climate varies considerably throughout northern Spain. Consulting detailed regional forecasts supplies particular data for locations, informing exercise planning and clothes selections.

Tip 4: Contemplate Altitude’s Impression: Mountainous areas expertise colder temperatures and potential snowfall. Enough cold-weather gear is crucial for higher-altitude excursions. Checking street circumstances earlier than driving in mountainous areas is essential.

Tip 5: Discover Indoor Actions: October’s elevated rainfall might necessitate different plans. Researching museums, historic websites, and different indoor points of interest supplies choices for inclement climate days.

Tip 6: Ebook Lodging Strategically: Choosing lodging with facilities equivalent to fireplaces or snug lounges enhances consolation throughout cooler evenings or wet intervals. Contemplating proximity to indoor actions supplies handy options throughout inclement climate.

Tip 7: Analysis Autumnal Occasions: October gives distinctive cultural experiences. Researching native festivals, harvest celebrations, and different autumnal occasions enhances cultural immersion.

Tip 8: Benefit from the Shoulder Season Benefits: October’s diminished crowds provide a extra tranquil expertise. Reap the benefits of simpler entry to points of interest, eating places, and transportation.

The following tips present a framework for navigating northern Spain’s October climate successfully. Cautious planning and preparedness improve consolation and maximize enjoyment of the area’s distinctive autumnal character.

The next conclusion summarizes key takeaways and gives remaining suggestions for experiencing northern Spain in October.

Conclusion

October in northern Spain presents a singular mix of delicate days and funky nights, influenced by elevated rainfall and the area’s diverse topography. Coastal areas expertise a maritime affect, moderating temperatures however rising precipitation. Inland areas see larger temperature fluctuations, whereas mountainous areas exhibit distinct microclimates with considerably colder temperatures and potential snowfall. Autumn foliage provides a vibrant dimension to the panorama, attracting guests searching for scenic magnificence. Lowered crowds in comparison with the summer time months provide a extra tranquil expertise. Understanding these distinct climate patterns is essential for efficient journey planning, from packing acceptable clothes to deciding on appropriate actions and lodging.

Northern Spain in October gives a particular journey expertise, rewarding these ready for variable circumstances. The area’s autumnal magnificence, mixed with fewer crowds, supplies a possibility for deeper exploration and cultural immersion. Profitable navigation of October’s climate circumstances unlocks entry to a singular perspective on this fascinating area, showcasing a distinct side of its allure in comparison with the extra widespread summer time months.