8+ Scary Sisters: When Family Ties Terrify


8+ Scary Sisters: When Family Ties Terrify

The sensation of being frightened or intimidated by a detailed member of the family, comparable to a sibling, could be a advanced and tough emotion to course of. This worry could stem from varied sources, together with the sibling’s conduct, character traits, or the dynamic of the connection. Examples of behaviors which may evoke worry embrace verbal aggression, bodily intimidation, manipulation, or unpredictable temper swings. The person experiencing this worry could really feel threatened, unsafe, or always on guard within the sibling’s presence.

Understanding the foundation causes of such worry is essential for addressing the underlying points and enhancing the familial relationship. A strained sibling relationship can considerably impression particular person well-being and household dynamics. Addressing this worry can result in improved communication, more healthy boundaries, and a extra constructive household setting. Traditionally, household dynamics and the ability imbalances inside them have been topics of psychological and sociological research. Exploring these dynamics inside particular household relationships, just like the sibling relationship, provides invaluable perception into particular person growth and interpersonal interactions.

This exploration will delve deeper into the potential causes of worry in sibling relationships, the psychological impression on the person experiencing the worry, and techniques for navigating and enhancing such difficult dynamics. Subjects lined will embrace communication strategies, battle decision strategies, and the significance of searching for skilled steerage when essential.

1. Intimidating Habits

Intimidating conduct performs a big function in shaping the expertise of worry inside a sibling relationship. When one sibling constantly engages in actions that trigger worry or misery in one other, it creates an setting of pressure and apprehension. Understanding the nuances of intimidating conduct is essential for addressing the foundation causes of worry and dealing in the direction of more healthy household dynamics.

  • Bodily Intimidation

    Bodily intimidation encompasses actions like aggressive posturing, invading private area, or making threatening gestures. Whereas not essentially involving bodily violence, these actions create a way of vulnerability and worry. For instance, standing over somebody whereas arguing, slamming doorways, or throwing objects could be deeply unsettling and contribute to a local weather of worry. This may result in the person feeling always on edge and unsafe.

  • Verbal Aggression

    Verbal aggression consists of yelling, name-calling, insults, and fixed criticism. These verbal assaults can erode vanity and create a way of powerlessness, making the recipient afraid of expressing themselves or disagreeing. A sibling who constantly makes use of harsh language could make the opposite sibling apprehensive about any interplay, resulting in avoidance and strained communication.

  • Emotional Manipulation

    Emotional manipulation includes techniques like guilt-tripping, gaslighting, and enjoying the sufferer. These behaviors can create confusion and self-doubt, making it tough for the person to belief their very own perceptions and emotions. A sibling would possibly use emotional manipulation to regulate the opposite, resulting in emotions of worry and nervousness about difficult their conduct.

  • Unpredictable Temper Swings

    Unpredictable temper swings create an setting of instability and uncertainty. By no means realizing how a sibling will react can result in fixed nervousness and worry of triggering a adverse outburst. This unpredictability could make it difficult to navigate the connection and may end up in the person strolling on eggshells to keep away from battle.

These sides of intimidating conduct contribute considerably to a way of worry and unease inside the sibling relationship. The cumulative impact of those behaviors can result in long-term psychological misery and considerably impression the general household dynamic. Addressing these behaviors by way of open communication, setting boundaries, and searching for skilled steerage could be very important steps towards making a more healthy and extra supportive setting.

2. Energy Imbalance

Energy imbalances considerably contribute to the expertise of worry in a sibling relationship characterised by animosity. When one sibling holds a place of perceived or precise energy over the opposite, it will possibly create an setting ripe for intimidation and worry. This energy differential can manifest in varied varieties, together with bodily measurement, age, social standing, or entry to sources. The sibling with much less energy could really feel unable to say themselves, voice their opinions, or defend their boundaries, resulting in a way of helplessness and vulnerability. This energy dynamic can escalate the impression of adverse behaviors, making them much more horrifying and tough to handle.

As an illustration, an older sibling would possibly leverage their age and bodily measurement to intimidate a youthful sibling, creating a relentless worry of bodily or emotional hurt. Alternatively, a sibling with larger social affect inside the household would possibly use their place to control or management the opposite sibling, resulting in emotions of isolation and powerlessness. Even seemingly minor energy imbalances can have a profound impression, significantly when mixed with pre-existing tensions or resentments inside the sibling relationship. The sibling perceived as much less highly effective would possibly keep away from confrontation altogether, internalizing their worry and contributing to a cycle of intimidation.

Understanding the function of energy imbalances is essential for successfully addressing the worry dynamic inside these relationships. Recognizing the supply and nature of the ability differential permits for focused interventions aimed toward leveling the enjoying subject and empowering the much less highly effective sibling. Methods for navigating these energy imbalances can embrace fostering open communication, establishing clear boundaries, and searching for exterior assist from members of the family or professionals. Finally, addressing the ability imbalance could be a essential step in the direction of mitigating worry, fostering mutual respect, and selling a more healthy sibling relationship.

3. Underlying Resentment

Underlying resentment usually fuels the worry skilled in a hostile sibling relationship. Resentment, a posh emotion involving bitterness, anger, and a way of injustice, can fester beneath the floor of household interactions, considerably impacting the dynamics between siblings. When one sibling harbors resentment in the direction of one other, it will possibly manifest in varied methods, together with passive-aggressive behaviors, hostility, and even acts of intimidation. This resentment can stem from perceived favoritism by mother and father, unresolved conflicts, competitors for sources or consideration, or jealousy over the opposite sibling’s perceived benefits or successes. The person experiencing the worry could not at all times be consciously conscious of the underlying resentment, however its presence can contribute considerably to the general sense of unease and apprehension.

For instance, a sibling would possibly resent one other’s tutorial achievements, resulting in refined undermining behaviors and even outright hostility. Alternatively, perceived preferential therapy by mother and father can gasoline resentment, leading to acts of aggression or intimidation in the direction of the favored sibling. This resentment can develop into a robust undercurrent within the relationship, shaping interactions and making a local weather of worry. The person subjected to those resentment-driven behaviors could expertise nervousness, withdraw from interactions with the sibling, or develop coping mechanisms to handle the fixed pressure. Understanding the foundation causes of this resentment is essential for addressing the worry and dealing in the direction of a more healthy relationship. This would possibly contain exploring previous conflicts, acknowledging perceived injustices, and facilitating open communication between siblings to handle underlying emotional points.

Recognizing the function of underlying resentment is important for successfully navigating these advanced sibling dynamics. Ignoring or dismissing resentment can perpetuate a cycle of negativity and additional exacerbate the worry skilled by one sibling. Addressing the foundation causes of resentment, whether or not by way of household remedy, particular person counseling, or facilitated communication, could be a essential step in fostering a extra constructive and supportive relationship. By acknowledging and addressing these underlying emotional points, households can work in the direction of creating an setting the place all members really feel secure, revered, and valued.

4. Worry of Confrontation

Worry of confrontation performs a big function within the dynamics of a daunting sibling relationship. When a person perceives their sibling as threatening, the prospect of confrontation can develop into a significant supply of hysteria and misery. This worry can stem from previous adverse experiences, comparable to verbal abuse, intimidation, or manipulation, main the person to keep away from any state of affairs which may escalate battle. This avoidance can additional empower the intimidating sibling, perpetuating a cycle of worry and management.

  • Anticipatory Nervousness

    The mere anticipation of encountering the intimidating sibling can set off nervousness and worry. This anticipatory nervousness can manifest bodily, with signs like elevated coronary heart fee, sweating, and problem respiration. It might additionally result in avoidance behaviors, comparable to staying away from shared areas or declining household gatherings. This fixed state of apprehension can considerably impression the person’s well-being and restrict their potential to interact absolutely in household life.

  • Battle Avoidance

    People dwelling with an intimidating sibling usually develop sturdy battle avoidance tendencies. They could comply with unreasonable calls for, suppress their very own wants and opinions, or go to nice lengths to appease their sibling to keep away from potential battle. Whereas seemingly efficient within the brief time period, this avoidance reinforces the ability imbalance and perpetuates the cycle of worry. It additionally prevents the person from asserting their boundaries and advocating for themselves, probably resulting in resentment and additional emotional misery.

  • Emotional Suppression

    Worry of confrontation can result in the suppression of feelings. The person would possibly keep away from expressing anger, disappointment, or frustration for worry of triggering a adverse response from their sibling. This emotional suppression can have long-term psychological penalties, contributing to emotions of resentment, powerlessness, and low vanity. It might additionally manifest bodily, with signs like complications, abdomen issues, and problem sleeping.

  • Issue Setting Boundaries

    Establishing and sustaining wholesome boundaries is essential in any relationship, however it may be significantly difficult when coping with an intimidating sibling. Worry of reprisal or escalation could make it tough for the person to say their wants and limits. This lack of ability to set boundaries reinforces the ability imbalance and permits the intimidating sibling’s conduct to proceed unchecked. It might additionally contribute to emotions of resentment and frustration, additional fueling the underlying pressure within the relationship.

These sides of worry of confrontation contribute considerably to the general expertise of feeling threatened by a sibling. The cumulative impact of anticipatory nervousness, battle avoidance, emotional suppression, and problem setting boundaries can create a pervasive sense of worry and considerably impression the people well-being and their potential to navigate household dynamics. Addressing these fears by way of remedy, growing assertive communication abilities, and constructing assist networks could be essential steps in breaking the cycle of worry and fostering more healthy relationships.

5. Suppressed Feelings

When going through a sibling perceived as horrifying, suppressing feelings usually turns into a coping mechanism. People could stifle their emotions to keep away from potential battle or additional adverse interactions. This emotional suppression, whereas seemingly protecting within the brief time period, can have detrimental long-term penalties, impacting each psychological well-being and the general sibling dynamic. Inspecting the sides of suppressed feelings supplies perception into this advanced side of a strained sibling relationship.

  • Worry of Retaliation

    Worry of retaliation usually motivates emotional suppression. People could withhold expressing anger, disappointment, or frustration as a consequence of anticipating a adverse response from their sibling. This worry can stem from previous experiences of verbal abuse, intimidation, or manipulation, resulting in a realized conduct of suppressing feelings to keep away from additional battle. This may create a way of strolling on eggshells, the place each interplay is fastidiously calculated to keep away from triggering the sibling’s anger or disapproval.

  • Internalization of Emotions

    Suppressed feelings are sometimes internalized, resulting in a buildup of unresolved emotions. As an alternative of expressing anger or disappointment outwardly, people could direct these feelings inward, resulting in emotions of self-blame, worthlessness, or melancholy. This internalization can manifest bodily, with signs comparable to stomachaches, complications, or problem sleeping. Over time, the cumulative impact of internalized feelings can considerably impression one’s vanity and total well-being.

  • Issue Speaking Wants

    Suppressed feelings can create important obstacles to efficient communication. When people are unable to specific their true emotions, they wrestle to speak their wants and bounds successfully. This may result in misunderstandings, resentment, and additional battle inside the sibling relationship. The shortcoming to specific wants can even create a way of powerlessness and contribute to the perpetuation of the worry dynamic.

  • Erosion of Self-Identification

    Constantly suppressing feelings can erode a person’s sense of self. By always adapting conduct and emotional responses to appease a daunting sibling, one could lose contact with their genuine emotions and develop a distorted sense of self. This may result in difficulties in different relationships, as the person struggles to specific themselves authentically and assert their wants. The long-term impression of this emotional suppression can considerably have an effect on one’s potential to kind wholesome and fulfilling relationships.

These sides of suppressed feelings exhibit the profound impression of worry inside a sibling relationship. The shortcoming to specific feelings freely can considerably impression psychological well-being and perpetuate a cycle of worry and management. Addressing these suppressed feelings by way of remedy, growing wholesome coping mechanisms, and studying assertive communication strategies are essential steps in the direction of therapeutic and fostering more healthy household dynamics. By acknowledging and addressing these underlying emotional points, people can reclaim their emotional autonomy and work in the direction of constructing extra constructive and fulfilling relationships.

6. Broken Communication

Broken communication is a central element of a daunting sibling relationship. When one sibling perceives the opposite as scary, open and sincere communication usually turns into severely compromised. This breakdown in communication can manifest in varied methods, making a cycle of worry, resentment, and misunderstanding. It might stem from the intimidating sibling’s behaviors, comparable to verbal aggression or emotional manipulation, which make the opposite sibling hesitant to specific themselves freely. Conversely, the intimidated sibling’s worry of confrontation can result in avoidance and withdrawal, additional hindering communication. As an illustration, if a sibling makes use of sarcasm and belittling remarks disguised as humor, the recipient would possibly keep away from partaking in dialog altogether, fearing additional ridicule. This avoidance reinforces the communication breakdown and prevents the decision of underlying points.

The results of broken communication are far-reaching. It might result in the escalation of conflicts, as unresolved points fester and resentment builds. The shortcoming to specific wants and bounds clearly can exacerbate the ability imbalance, making the intimidated sibling really feel much more weak and powerless. For instance, if a sibling constantly borrows gadgets with out permission and the opposite sibling is simply too afraid to confront them, the resentment can construct, resulting in additional avoidance and strained interactions. Moreover, broken communication hinders the event of empathy and understanding between siblings. With out open dialogue, it turns into tough to see the opposite individual’s perspective, additional solidifying adverse perceptions and perpetuating the cycle of worry. This lack of empathy can contribute to long-term estrangement and strained household dynamics.

Addressing broken communication is essential for enhancing a daunting sibling relationship. Methods for fostering more healthy communication embrace selling lively listening, encouraging clear and direct expression of emotions, and establishing boundaries respectfully. Skilled steerage, comparable to household remedy, can present a secure area for siblings to discover underlying points and develop more practical communication abilities. Studying battle decision strategies and growing assertive communication kinds can empower the intimidated sibling to specific their wants and bounds with out worry of retaliation. Finally, repairing broken communication is important for rebuilding belief, fostering mutual respect, and making a extra constructive and supportive sibling relationship.

7. Lengthy-Time period Influence

Experiencing worry and intimidation inside a sibling relationship can have profound and lasting penalties that stretch far past childhood. These experiences can form a person’s self-perception, affect their future relationships, and impression their total well-being. Understanding the potential long-term impression of such a relationship is essential for offering applicable assist and selling therapeutic.

  • Influence on Self-Esteem

    Fixed publicity to a sibling’s negativity, whether or not by way of verbal aggression, emotional manipulation, or intimidation, can considerably erode vanity. People could internalize these adverse messages, resulting in emotions of worthlessness, inadequacy, and self-doubt. This diminished self-worth can impression varied facets of life, from tutorial efficiency to profession decisions and interpersonal relationships. For instance, a person would possibly wrestle to say themselves in skilled settings or keep away from pursuing alternatives as a consequence of a insecurity stemming from their sibling’s fixed criticism.

  • Difficulties with Belief and Intimacy

    Experiences of worry and betrayal inside a sibling relationship could make it difficult to kind trusting and intimate relationships later in life. People could develop a heightened sense of vigilance and wrestle to let down their guard, fearing vulnerability and potential hurt. This may result in difficulties forming shut friendships, romantic relationships, and even skilled collaborations. The worry of repeating the identical patterns of abuse or manipulation can create obstacles to intimacy and emotional connection.

  • Elevated Threat of Psychological Well being Challenges

    Dwelling with a daunting sibling can improve the chance of growing varied psychological well being challenges, together with nervousness issues, melancholy, and post-traumatic stress dysfunction (PTSD). The fixed stress and worry related to these relationships can take a big toll on psychological well-being, resulting in power nervousness, emotional dysregulation, and problem dealing with on a regular basis stressors. These psychological well being challenges can persist into maturity and require skilled intervention to handle successfully.

  • Influence on Household Dynamics

    A daunting sibling relationship can have a ripple impact all through your complete household system. Different members of the family would possibly really feel caught within the crossfire, resulting in elevated pressure and battle inside the household. The intimidating sibling’s conduct can disrupt household gatherings, create divisions amongst siblings, and pressure relationships with mother and father. This ongoing household dysfunction can create a difficult setting for all members and hinder the event of wholesome household dynamics.

These long-term impacts underscore the significance of addressing these difficult sibling dynamics early on. Intervention by way of household remedy, particular person counseling, or assist teams can present people with the instruments and sources they should navigate these advanced relationships and mitigate the potential long-term penalties. Recognizing and addressing these points can promote therapeutic, foster more healthy relationships, and enhance total well-being for all concerned.

8. Want for Intervention

When a sibling relationship is characterised by worry and intimidation, the necessity for intervention turns into paramount. Ignoring such dynamics can have detrimental long-term penalties for each people concerned and the broader household system. Intervention can take varied varieties, every tailor-made to handle the particular wants and circumstances of the state of affairs. The objective of intervention is to mitigate hurt, promote more healthy communication, and foster a extra supportive household setting. Recognizing the indicators that point out a necessity for intervention is step one in the direction of addressing these advanced household dynamics.

  • Recognizing the Indicators

    Recognizing the indicators that point out a necessity for intervention is essential. These indicators can embrace persistent worry or nervousness within the presence of the sibling, avoidance of household gatherings, adjustments in conduct or temper, and bodily signs like stomachaches or complications. Witnessing cases of verbal abuse, emotional manipulation, or intimidation are clear indicators that skilled steerage is important. For instance, if a youthful sibling constantly isolates themselves of their room when the older sibling is house, or if there are frequent unexplained bruises or accidents, these are pink flags that warrant instant consideration.

  • Kinds of Intervention

    Intervention can take varied varieties relying on the severity and nature of the state of affairs. Household remedy supplies a structured setting for siblings to discover their relationship dynamics, enhance communication, and develop more healthy coping mechanisms. Particular person remedy may also help the intimidated sibling course of their feelings, construct vanity, and develop methods for setting boundaries. In some instances, involving college counselors or baby protecting providers is likely to be essential to make sure the protection and well-being of the person experiencing worry. As an illustration, if a sibling’s intimidating conduct includes bodily aggression or threats, involving exterior authorities is likely to be important to guard the weak sibling.

  • Advantages of Early Intervention

    Early intervention is essential for mitigating the long-term impression of a daunting sibling relationship. Addressing these dynamics early can stop the event of deep-seated resentment, enhance communication patterns, and foster a extra constructive household setting. Early intervention can even assist stop the escalation of adverse behaviors and scale back the chance of long-term psychological hurt. For instance, by addressing a sibling’s intimidating conduct early on, households can stop the event of hysteria issues or melancholy within the intimidated sibling.

  • Overcoming Resistance to Intervention

    Households would possibly resist intervention as a consequence of denial, worry of stigma, or a perception that they’ll resolve the problems independently. Nevertheless, skilled steerage is usually important for navigating these advanced dynamics and reaching lasting constructive change. Educating households about the advantages of intervention and addressing their considerations may also help overcome resistance and encourage them to hunt assist. As an illustration, emphasizing the long-term advantages of improved communication and more healthy household dynamics can inspire households to take part actively within the intervention course of.

The necessity for intervention in a daunting sibling relationship underscores the seriousness of those dynamics. Ignoring these points can have profound and lasting penalties for all concerned. By recognizing the indicators, understanding the various kinds of intervention out there, and emphasizing the advantages of early intervention, households can take proactive steps to create a safer and extra supportive setting for all members. Addressing these difficult dynamics is important for selling the well-being of people and fostering wholesome household relationships.

Incessantly Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent considerations and questions concerning the expertise of worry and intimidation inside sibling relationships.

Query 1: Is it regular to be petrified of a sibling?

Whereas sibling rivalry is frequent, experiencing real worry of a sibling isn’t. If a sibling’s conduct creates a way of hazard or intense nervousness, it warrants consideration and probably skilled intervention.

Query 2: How can one differentiate between regular sibling battle and precise worry?

Regular sibling disagreements contain occasional arguments and competitors. Worry, nonetheless, includes a way of hazard, intimidation, or the necessity to always keep away from battle to make sure security.

Query 3: What are the long-term results of rising up with a daunting sibling?

Lengthy-term results can embrace diminished vanity, problem forming trusting relationships, nervousness issues, and challenges with emotional regulation.

Query 4: What steps can people take if they’re afraid of their sibling?

In search of assist from trusted adults, comparable to mother and father, lecturers, or counselors, is essential. Skilled steerage can present coping methods and facilitate more healthy communication inside the household.

Query 5: How can mother and father handle a state of affairs the place one baby is afraid of their sibling?

Mother and father ought to take the worry severely, validate the kid’s feelings, and search skilled steerage. Household remedy could be extremely helpful in addressing the underlying dynamics and selling more healthy interactions.

Query 6: Can these relationships be repaired, and what does that course of entail?

Repairing broken sibling relationships requires dedication from all events concerned. Open communication, setting clear boundaries, skilled steerage, and constant effort can contribute to constructive change and more healthy dynamics.

Understanding the dynamics of worry inside sibling relationships and searching for applicable assist are essential for mitigating potential long-term hurt and fostering more healthy household dynamics. Addressing these challenges requires open communication, empathy, and a willingness to hunt skilled steerage when wanted.

The following part will discover methods for dealing with and enhancing these difficult household dynamics.

Ideas for Navigating a Horrifying Sibling Relationship

Navigating a relationship characterised by worry and intimidation requires cautious consideration and strategic motion. The next suggestions provide steerage for people experiencing such dynamics inside their households. The following tips give attention to empowering the person, selling security, and fostering more healthy communication and bounds.

Tip 1: Prioritize Security.

Guarantee bodily and emotional security stays paramount. If bodily hurt is a priority, searching for instant assist from trusted adults or authorities is important. Making a secure area inside the house, comparable to a chosen room or space the place the person can retreat when feeling threatened, can present a way of safety. Documenting cases of intimidation or abuse may also be useful if exterior intervention turns into essential.

Tip 2: Search Exterior Assist.

Confiding in trusted adultsparents, lecturers, counselors, or different household memberscan present invaluable assist and steerage. Exterior views can provide goal insights into the state of affairs and assist validate the person’s experiences. In search of skilled assist by way of remedy can equip people with coping methods and communication abilities to navigate the difficult relationship dynamics.

Tip 3: Set up Clear Boundaries.

Speaking clear boundaries about acceptable and unacceptable conduct is essential. This would possibly contain stating limits concerning bodily contact, verbal interactions, or entry to private belongings. Expressing boundaries respectfully however firmly may also help set up a way of management and scale back the intimidating sibling’s energy.

Tip 4: Observe Assertive Communication.

Studying assertive communication strategies can empower people to specific their wants and emotions with out resorting to aggression or passivity. Assertive communication includes clearly stating one’s perspective, utilizing “I” statements, and sustaining respectful however agency boundaries. This may also help shift the ability dynamic and promote more healthy interactions.

Tip 5: Develop Wholesome Coping Mechanisms.

Growing wholesome coping mechanisms for managing stress and nervousness is important. This might embrace partaking in stress-free actions like meditation, deep respiration workout routines, or spending time in nature. Participating in hobbies and pursuing pursuits outdoors the household dynamic can present a way of accomplishment and increase vanity.

Tip 6: Concentrate on Self-Care.

Prioritizing self-care is important for sustaining emotional and bodily well-being. This includes partaking in actions that promote leisure, scale back stress, and foster a way of self-worth. Self-care actions can embrace train, wholesome consuming, pursuing hobbies, and spending time with supportive family and friends members.

Tip 7: Keep in mind It is Not Your Fault.

It is essential to keep in mind that experiencing worry or intimidation from a sibling isn’t one’s fault. The duty for the intimidating conduct lies solely with the person exhibiting it. Internalizing blame can additional erode vanity and hinder the therapeutic course of.

Implementing these methods can empower people to navigate difficult sibling dynamics, prioritize their well-being, and foster more healthy relationships. The following tips present a framework for making a safer setting and selling constructive change inside the household system.

The next conclusion summarizes the important thing takeaways and provides last suggestions for addressing these advanced household dynamics.

Conclusion

The exploration of worry and intimidation inside sibling relationships, usually expressed as “my sister who cannot stand me is frightening,” reveals a posh dynamic with probably long-term penalties. The evaluation highlighted the multifaceted nature of those relationships, emphasizing the function of intimidating behaviors, energy imbalances, underlying resentment, worry of confrontation, suppressed feelings, and broken communication. The potential for lasting impacts on vanity, future relationships, and total psychological well-being underscores the seriousness of those household dynamics. The examination of varied intervention methods, together with skilled steerage, assertive communication, and the institution of wholesome boundaries, supplies a roadmap for navigating these difficult conditions.

Addressing worry and intimidation inside households requires a multifaceted method. Open communication, validation of feelings, and a dedication to fostering wholesome boundaries are important for making a supportive and secure setting for all members. Recognizing the potential long-term impression of those dynamics underscores the significance of early intervention and ongoing assist. Constructing more healthy household relationships requires constant effort, skilled steerage when essential, and a dedication to fostering empathy, respect, and understanding inside the household unit. The well-being of people and the power of households depend upon addressing these difficult dynamics successfully.